Thickness of a bridge deck For slabs with depths less than 1/20 of the design span, consideration should be given to prestressing in the Feb 6, 2017 · For new bridge construction, use 8 inches as the minimum bridge deck thickness. The laminations are squeezed together by prestressing (post-tensioning) high strength . Steel Deck Bridges (Connor et al. To ensure not having any significant additional dead loads on the existing deck. 5 • October 2022 Camber variation between slabs can be significant. Bridge Design Practice 5. 1 General To verify the total thickness and the thickness of the concrete cover over the top mat of reinforcing steel in bridge decks, thickness measurements shall be made in the plastic concrete directly behind the final pass of the screed. Contech Bridge Plank is installed quickly, at low cost. For movable bridge spans, the minimum and maximum overall deck thickness shall be 7. A full-depth precast deck employs a series of precast concrete panels that are full-depth in thickness—as required by structural design—with the length and width determined by specific bridge geometry. The equal width, obtained by dividing of panels. ) on the basis of Bridge deck dimensions (length and width, Center Stressed-laminated decks are constructed of sawn lumber glulam wood post-tensioned transversely utilizing high strength steel bars. A minimum of two measurements - the first representing the concrete thickness over the top mat of reinforcing steel and the second representing the Read chapter 4 Bridge Decks: TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-R19A-RW-2: Design Guide for Bridges for Service Life pro Wearing surfaces vary in material full or partial depending (Figure on the 11-1). 1 Design Step 2. 4-Design of Slab Bridge (AASHTO) The slab bridge is short-span Bridge consisting of a reinforced-concrete Slab resting on piers or abutments (supports). In this Manual, each level is accompanied by a varying level of complexity, with Level 3 being the most complex and Level 1 being the least complex. The primary function of a bridge deck is to support the vehicular vertical loads and distribute these loads to the steel superstructure. It is a simple type of bridges in which the main reinforcement parallel to traffic (because the bridge is rest on two opposite supports). 5m centres, or a Sep 25, 2018 · For bridge repair projects on vehicular bridges, a lesser deck thickness (8 inch minimum) may be used when approved by the Regional Bridge Construction Engineer to achieve an acceptable load rating. 10. It is standard practice to select a minimum top deck thickness of 8 in, although AASHTO-PCI-ASBI Standard Sections Committee recommends a minimum thickness of 9 in. In addition, maintaining a constant thickness for the surface lift helps minimize disruption of the underlying materials during future resurfacing. This chapter discusses design requirements for several full monly used on timber decks. The following concrete deck design criteria are obtained from the typical superstructure cross section shown in Figure 2-1 and from the referenced articles and tables in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (through 2002 interims). To ensure rapid bridge deck overlay techniques. Unless noted otherwise in this chapter, the LRFD Specifications apply to the design of bridge decks in Alaska. 0 inches (1. While the specific thickness may vary depending on the bridge design and load requirements, there are minimum standards in place to ensure the safety and durability of the structure. The types of overlays covered in this policy are high friction surface treatment (HFST), polyester concrete, hydraulic cement concrete, and hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete. For bridge deck replacements, evaluate the 8 inch minimum deck thickness and any affects on the overall structural system. The choice of the particular deck type to use can depend on several factors, which may include the specific application, initial cost The INDOT Standard Drawings illustrate the orientation of concrete F-shaped bridge railing with the bridge deck surface for a bridge on a superelevated roadway section. Section 3 specifies loads, Section 4 specifies the modeling and analyses, and Section 9 specifies bridge deck design. Bridge planks are easily bolted or welded into place to form a continuous bridge deck. Segmental Deck Design Design should be checked for construction load combinations, such as segment lifting, construction equipment, and segment stacking. Concrete curbs, bridge railing, concrete barrier, raised medians, sidewalks, girder soffits, and slab supports are placed in conjunction with bridge slabs. The reduction of cover and slab thickness has the potential to decrease bridge deck load enough to reduce the size or number of girders. This chapter provides a general description of the various concrete deck types, a discussion of the basic structural behavior of concrete decks, and an The deck system varies with different bridge types and bridge superstructure construction methods, and particular attention of this chapter will be given to the bridge accessories with special emphasis on pavement, drainage system and waterproofing system, expansion joint, sidewalk, lamps post, handrail, and guardrail. The bridge deck may either be cast-in-situ, precast, steel, wood, concrete, or other pavement systems which are supported on concrete or steel girders or beams (composite bridges). Removed Continuous Deck Slab Retrofitting Existing Bridge Detail, which is addressed in Chapter 32. Jul 4, 2025 · Concrete deck depth The concrete deck depth of a bridge is a critical aspect of its structural integrity and safety. Precast panels allow for quicker placement, which, in principle, speeds up overall bridge construction. Bridge Layout reference points are revised to lines thru center of bearings/ piles. Jun 27, 2017 · Concrete Deck Design Example Obtain Design Criteria Design Step 2. 7-2 - Mass of DWS for Deck Units. 5 inches, respectively, and shall vary in 0. Aug 8, 2021 · The Bridge decks are one of the basic components of the bridge that forms its surface. When combined with a cast-in-place (CIP) concrete topping, they act compositely with the CIP concrete to provide the full structural thickness of a bridge deck. 1 GENERAL This policy specifies requirements for various types of overlays on bridge decks. C. 9. 1. To ensure longer life span of bridge deck approximately 10 ‐15 years. 1 Material Properties The selected lift thickness should provide the best chance to achieve proper compaction of the surface lift, thus maximizing density and durability. Updated cantilever design values for CPSR railing and added cantilever layout content. Solid stainless steel and stainless steel clad reinforcement is significantly more expensive than plain or epoxy-coated reinforcement and requires D. Reinforced concrete slabs are designed according to deck thickness and girder spacing. Class II Concrete (Bridge Deck) will be used for all environmental classifications. Chapter 1 - General Requirements General [SDG 1. Structure depth dimension should not include the thickness of the overlay. 5 inch increments. 5 inch sacrificial) and 1. The deck is typically continuous along the length, and across the width, of the span of the bridge. 751. Perform partial and/or full depth bridge deck repairs in accordance with Item 429, “Concrete Structure Repair” and Chapter 3, Section 4 of TxDOT Concrete Repair Manual. In most applications, the bridge deck is made composite with the steel superstructure through positive attachment to the girders, such as using shear xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Partial-depth precast concrete deck panels (PDDPs) are relatively thin precast prestressed concrete panels that span between girders. These panels can either serve as the final deck surface or as a temporary deck to allow placement of a final cast-in-place concrete deck. 2 Jul 21, 2022 · Figure 1: Typical cross-sections (a) Solid slab bridge deck (b) Voided slab bridge deck When the voids are less than 60% of the overall structural depth, their effect on stiffness is minimal and the deck behaves more or less like a plate. 2012), which outlined three levels of design. sacrificial wearing surface, shall be as shown Table 9. The following subsections outline additional steps for preparing specifically for the construction of bridge decks. 2 has been compiled for ease of use The primary function of a bridge deck is to support the vehicular vertical loads and distribute these loads to the steel superstructure. The design thickness equals to the overall Jun 27, 2017 · Design Step 4. 10. 5. C1. 4. 0 INTRODUCTION This module provides practical information regarding the decking options and design considerations for steel bridges, presenting deck types such as concrete deck slabs, metal grid decks, orthotropic steel decks, wood decks, and several others. 1). Design of slab drain spacing assumes the bridge deck is wetted, therefore a " " value of 1. (S9. The overall deck thickness include a 0. full wearing surface covers the entire asphalt pavement, asphalt chip seal, surface covers two longitudinal strips structed from lumber planks or steel bridges while partial surfaces are bridges only. 1 INTRODUCTION Bridge decks are an integral part of the bridge structure by providing the direct riding surface for motor vehicles. Do not hatch rail if rail is to be salvaged. The subsequent sections of this chapter, along with the other chapters of this manual, provide The service-life performance of concrete bridge decks, including maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation needs, is directly related to the care exercised from the preconstruction through post-construction period. 5shall inch sacrificial thic which shall be included in the kness, weight calculations and excluded from the design thickness. For conventional bridge and highway work, the point at which bridge deck, parapet, pavement structure, shoulder, drainage, sidewalk, major demolition, roadway obliteration, permanent signing and markings, traffic barrier, safety appurtenance, utility, and lighting work is complete. The timber planks vary in length and size. The length of the panel along the roadway is approximately 8 to 12 ft. 1. Multiple antennas (antenna array) are used to cover an entire lane For a minor bridge rehabilitation project which does not include bridge-deck replacement or deck widening and the bridge currently has a crashworthy TL-4 bridge railing, the existing railing need not be upgraded to a TL-5 railing, though the warrants for the TL-5 railing are satisfied. Identify bridge rail to be salvaged on widenings. Apr 18, 2025 · 9. Other chapters will cover construction of barrier walls and painting. Therefore, the overlay thickness should be large enough to accommodate this variability to create a constant cross slope. The deck and soffit design tables in this BDM provide the minimum allowable section thicknesses and reinforcement for a given girder spacing. As this manual is intended solely as guidance material, contract documents should always prevail in case of conflicts. Effective: May 7, 1997 Revised: June 28, 2024 Description. The Corrugated steel Contech Bridge Plank has been proven in service from coast to coast on bridges of many types, including skewed structures. AVOID TRAFFIC ON SHOT BLASTED DECK TIMING AND COORDINATION IS KEY CLEARLY MARK MEASURUNG CONTAINERS IMMEDIATLEY BEFORE INSTALLATION BLOW DOWN DECK WITH COMPRESSED AIR AND PERFORM FINAL INSPECTION Use the controls in the GDOT - Deck Sections window, Slab tab to set the following information about deck sections: "D" dimension information, Negative moment or continuous reinforcing steel bar information, Reinforcing steel bar distribution information, Reinforcing steel bar information, and Slab thickness information Introduction The slab, or bridge deck, is the element that provides the finished riding surface for vehicles and distributes loads to the girders. 4 Deck, Overhang, and Soffit Design 11 Download Table | THICKNESS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DECK SLAB from publication: Effect of Concrete Cost on Optimum Design of I-Steel Girder Bridges | This paper presents the effect of the bridge's 10. This guide provides recommendations for bridge deck construction based on considerations of durability, concrete materials, reinforcement, placing, finishing and curing, and overlays. The thickness of the composite concrete deck slab on deck type bridges typically will be 250mm. The deck construction work has a number of phases and in this chapter we will cover all phases of deck construction from preparation to curing. Safety Dayton Superior Bridge Deck forming accessories are intended only for use by trained, qualified and experienced workers. S. Misuse or lack of supervision and/or inspection can contribute to accidents resulting in property damage, serious personal injury or deaths. 7. Stressed timber decks consist of thick, laminated timber planks which usually run longitudinally in the direction of the bridge span. 0 DESCRIPTION This work consists of repairing existing bridge decks and approach pavement by removing existing asphalt overlay and loose, deteriorated or contaminated concrete and resurfacing with latex modified concrete overlayment course together with other work necessary to restore structural integrity to the deck in accordance with this provision, applicable parts of the Standard Closer beam spacing means lesser thickness of deck slab and consequently savings in concrete and steel in deck slab but since the number of beams is more in that case, this increases the quantity of concrete, shuttering and reinforcement for girders and for longer spans where bearings are required, the number of bearings. Jun 22, 2022 · 751. TPO is a concrete deck overlay consisting of a concrete deck treatment followed by two layers of hybrid polymer epoxy-urethane each containing a blend of hard aggregate, resulting in an overlay thickness of 3/8 inch as defined herein. 1 Commentary for 1: Includes: Girder spacing, Number of girders, Top and bottom cover, Concrete strength, Reinforcing steel strength, Concrete density, Future wearing surface, Concrete parapet properties, Applicable load combinations, Resistance factors Determine Minimum Slab Thickness S2. Approach slabs are considered superstructure component. Deck Effect Per our definition; the distance between the top of the girder and the top of the roadway surface must be at least the thickness of the slab plus the fillet depth. Therefore, the most economical arrangement of bridge deck varies from INTRODUCTION The Contractor will place the bridge deck after the beams/girders have been erected. Show limits and dimensions of Bridge Removal (Portion) as hatched. In most applications, the bridge deck is made composite with the steel superstructure through positive attachment to the girders, such as using shear Jun 27, 2017 · The first design step for a concrete bridge deck is to choose the correct design criteria. 1 Typical Deck, Typical Overhang, and Soffit Concrete The concrete bridge deck thickness shall be a minimum of 8 inches. Bridge deck analysis method categorized by AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications: (1) approximate method (lower accuracy and conservative); (2) refined method (preferred but lack guidance); and 16. 0 inches Deck thickness and width must be Approximate maximum deck spans that initial deck thickness are shown in Panel width depends on the out-to-out 54 inches wide in multiples of 1-1/2 1-3/8 inches for Southern Pine. 3. 1 General This article illustrates the general design procedure for Continuous Concrete Slab Bridge using AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Jan 23, 2024 · Bridge deck construction requires meticulous attention to detail, innovative approaches, and a deep comprehension of materials and construction techniques. Your involvement in the construction of decks is especially important since decks Oct 3, 2011 · Catamaran Bridgedeck structural design The Elements of Boat Strength (Dave Gerr) gives a variety of elements for the scantlings of an aluminum hull. Alternatively, the deck surface could be ground prior to applying the overlay to reduce the overlay thickness. In addition, bridge decks directly transfer load from the moving traffic to the major load-carrying members. Based on the estimated panel dimensions, panel cross section as follows: The deck overhang thickness shall be a minimum of 8 inches at the edge of deck for all bridge types per Article 13. Thinner decks are acceptable if approved by the bridge owner. For all bridge spans except movable bridge spans, the minimum and maximum deck overall thickness shall be 8. The Fillet is the least allowable haunch depth along a girder. approval. Include LEGEND of hatching. For CIP concrete box girders and “T” beams, the overhang thickness shall be a minimum of 12 inches at the face of exterior girder. The strength of the deck plate is not discussed. 2 - Deck Thickness The specifications require that the minimum thickness of a concrete deck, excluding any provisions for grinding, grooving and sacrificial surface, should not be less than 7 in. Reinforced concrete decks supported by longitudinal girders, with main reinforcement placed perpendicular to traffic, and asphalt filled metal plank decks placed perpendicular to traffic will be rated with the CDOT computer programs discussed in subsections 3-2 and 3-3. This is the aim of the standard practice of placing a lift of 2-inch HMA/PMA S0. E. If through experience and use, the user discovers additional or alternative procedures that may seem superior to those shown in The thickness of DWS varies along the length of the span due to the hog of the deck units, with the minimum thickness occurring at midspan. Refer Figure 7. Sep 9, 2025 · On a bridge deck, most rainfall runs off, except at the beginning of a storm when rain wets the bridge deck and fills small depression areas. This value is input as part of the physical bridge description. 1] The design life for bridge structures is 75 years. 2. 0 inches and 9. GPR Bridge Deck Capabilities Detect Delaminations Detect Deteriorated Concrete Measure Depth of Reinforcement Measure Thickness of Overlays Detect Debonded Overlays GPR Data Collection GPR data are collected in a series of longitudinal scans along the length of the bridge deck, at high speed and without traffic interruption. 5 inches with top and bottom concrete covers of 2. 5 for the riding Show the deck overlay and the limits of refinishing the bridge deck. 16. Slabs To restore the concrete structures to its original strength and increase skid resistance. 5 inches, respectively. The purpose of this note is to give guidance on the minimum steel deck plate thickness to be used for a footbridge and the span of the deck plate panels between stiffeners and other supporting members. 17. The bridge decks are most often defines the characteristics of the bridge. 6. Both the length and width are determined on ALTERNATIVE 1: SHOT BLASTING Inspect the bridge deck for any potential deck repairs or delaminated concrete. The width of the panels is typically equal to the full width of the bridge. The Note records a consensus view of what thickness of deck plate is required, based on data collected from a number of bridges and discussions with their designers. The Structure Construction Bridge Deck Construction Manual is intended to serve as a guide and a reference source for Bridge Engineers and others involved in field engineering and inspection of bridge decks under construction. This work shall consist of furnishing and installing a bridge deck thin polymer overlay (TPO). Other as- pects of steel footbridge design are given in other References 1 and 2. 1—Deck Thickness for New Construction and Redecks Deck thickness, including 1/2 in. Level 1 design is “by little or no structural analysis, but by selection of details that are verified to have adequate resistance by experimental testing (new or The volume of bridge deck concrete allowed for payment will be computed using the actual thickness of the deck slab, not to exceed the plan thickness plus 1⁄2”, for the area between the faces of the sidewalks, curb lines, railings, or parapets. 0 is recommended. 0 inches and 7. However I cannot find anything about the Aluminum Catamaran Bridgedeck structure as dimensions of transverse and longitudinal frames or stiffeners (spacing, plate thickness, etc. 5m, hence girder spacing (main girders in multi-girder decks, cross girders in ladder deck systems) will typically be at 3. 5 inches design cover + 0. The advantage of a precast concrete deck is in the acceleration of the construction schedule. Bridge Deck Appurtenances Sections 3, 4, and 9 of the LRFD Bridge Design Specifications present the AASHTO criteria for the structural design of bridge decks. An in-situ slab of this thickness, cast either on timber formwork or permanent formwork, will span around 3. 1 SCOPE This Section contains guidelines to supplement provisions of Section 9 of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications for the design of bridge decks and deck systems of reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, metal, or various combinations thereof. Cure repairs in accordance with Manufacturer’s recommendations followed by shot blasting before placing overlay 7-2 Bridge Deck Preconstruction Planning Chapter 2, Preconstruction Planning, emphasizes the importance of planning and preparation for construction of reinforced concrete structures. 3 & S9. Federal Highway Administration guidelines specify a minimum concrete deck depth of 7. For NU Girders Table 9. This BDM addresses the design of typical bridge decks, typical overhangs, and soffits for new bridges and bridge widenings described in STP 9.